Research for Evidence-Based Practice in Healthcare by 
How to Read a Paper by 
Medical Literature by 
The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines by 
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care by 
Evidence-Based Medicine Toolkit by The most common definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is from Dr. David Sackett. EBP is “the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.” (Sackett D, 1996)
EBP is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence into the decision making process for patient care. Clinical expertise refers to the clinician’s cumulated experience, education and clinical skills. The patient brings to the encounter his or her own personal preferences and unique concerns, expectations, and values. The best research evidence is usually found in clinically relevant research that has been conducted using sound methodology. (Sackett D, 2002)
The evidence, by itself, does not make the decision, but it can help support the patient care process. The full integration of these three components into clinical decisions enhances the opportunity for optimal clinical outcomes and quality of life. The practice of EBP is usually triggered by patient encounters which generate questions about the effects of therapy, the utility of diagnostic tests, the prognosis of diseases, and/or the etiology of disorders.
Evidence-Based Practice requires new skills of the clinician, including efficient literature searching, and the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature.
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ASSESS |
1. Start with the patient -- a clinical problem or question arises from the care of the patient |
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ASK |
2. Construct a well built clinical question derived from the case |
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ACQUIRE |
3. Select the appropriate resource(s) and conduct a search |
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APPRAISE |
4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) |
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APPLY: |
5. Return to the patient -- integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences and apply it to practice |
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Self-evaluation |
6. Evaluate your performance with this patient |
